A high space-time resolution dataset linking meteorological forcing and hydro-sedimentary response in a mesoscale Mediterranean catchment (Auzon) of the Ardèche region, France
Nord, Guillaume ; Boudevillain, Brice ; Berne, Alexis ; Branger, Flora ; Braud, Isabelle ; Dramais, Guillaume ; Gérard, Simon ; Coz, Jérôme Le ; Legoût, Cédric ; Molinié, Gilles ; Baelen, Joel Van ; Vandervaere, Jean-Pierre ; Andrieu, Julien ; Aubert, Coralie ; Calianno, Martin ; Delrieu, Guy ; Grazioli, Jacopo ; Hachani, Sahar ; Horner, Ivan ; Huza, Jessica ; Boursicaud, Raphaël Le ; Raupach, Timothy H. ; Teuling, Adriaan J. ; Uber, Magdalena ; Vincendon, Béatrice ; Wijbrans, Annette
<strong>Abstract.</strong> A comprehensive hydrometeorological dataset is presented spanning the period 1 January 2011-31 December 2014 to improve the understanding of the hydrological processes leading to flash floods and the relation between rainfall, runoff, erosion and sediment transport in a mesoscale catchment (Auzon, 116<span class="thinspace"></span>km<sup>2</sup>) of the Mediterranean region. Badlands are present in the Auzon catchment and well connected to high-gradient channels of bedrock rivers which promotes the transfer of suspended solids downstream. The number of observed variables, the various sensors involved (both in situ and remote) and the space-time resolution ( ? <span class="thinspace"></span>km<sup>2</sup>, ? <span class="thinspace"></span>min) of this comprehensive dataset make it a unique contribution to research communities focused on hydrometeorology, surface hydrology and erosion. Given that rainfall is highly variable in space and time in this region, the observation system enables assessment of the hydrological response to rainfall fields. Indeed, (i) rainfall data are provided by rain gauges (both a research network of 21 rain gauges with a 5<span class="thinspace"></span>min time step and an operational network of 10 rain gauges with a 5<span class="thinspace"></span>min or 1<span class="thinspace"></span>h time step), S-band Doppler dual-polarization radars (1<span class="thinspace"></span>km<sup>2</sup>, 5<span class="thinspace"></span>min resolution), disdrometers (16 sensors working at 30<span class="thinspace"></span>s or 1<span class="thinspace"></span>min time step) and Micro Rain Radars (5 sensors, 100<span class="thinspace"></span>m height resolution). Additionally, during the special observation period (SOP-1) of the HyMeX (Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment) project, two X-band radars provided precipitation measurements at very fine spatial and temporal scales (1<span class="thinspace"></span>ha, 5<span class="thinspace"></span>min). (ii) Other meteorological data are taken from the operational surface weather observation stations of Météo-France (including 2<span class="thinspace"></span>m air temperature, atmospheric pressure, 2<span class="thinspace"></span>m relative humidity, 10<span class="thinspace"></span>m wind speed and direction, global radiation) at the hourly time resolution (six stations in the region of interest). (iii) The monitoring of surface hydrology and suspended sediment is multi-scale and based on nested catchments. Three hydrometric stations estimate water discharge at a 2-10<span class="thinspace"></span>min time resolution. Two of these stations also measure additional physico-chemical variables (turbidity, temperature, conductivity) and water samples are collected automatically during floods, allowing further geochemical characterization of water and suspended solids. Two experimental plots monitor overland flow and erosion at 1<span class="thinspace"></span>min time resolution on a hillslope with vineyard. A network of 11 sensors installed in the intermittent hydrographic network continuously measures water level and water temperature in headwater subcatchments (from 0.17 to 116<span class="thinspace"></span>km<sup>2</sup>) at a time resolution of 2-5<span class="thinspace"></span>min. A network of soil moisture sensors enables the continuous measurement of soil volumetric water content at 20<span class="thinspace"></span>min time resolution at 9 sites. Additionally, concomitant observations (soil moisture measurements and stream gauging) were performed during floods between 2012 and 2014. Finally, this dataset is considered appropriate for understanding the rainfall variability in time and space at fine scales, improving areal rainfall estimations and progressing in distributed hydrological and erosion modelling. <br><br> DOI of the referenced dataset: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.6096/MISTRALS-HyMeX.1438" target="_blank">doi:10.6096/MISTRALS-HyMeX.1438</a>.</p>
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