New NASA Missions Focus on Terrestrial Forcing of the Space Environment
Immel, T. J. ; Eastes, R. W.
In late 2019, two ground-breaking NASA missions to explore the conditions in near-Earth space environment are expected to both be on orbit and operational. These missions are designed to observe changes in the state of the neutral upper atmosphere and ionosphere (at 100-500-km altitude) in response to forcing from the sun and solar wind, as well as the terrestrial atmosphere below. Together these observatories will provide a comprehensive view of the near-Earth space environment, the conditions of which can be broadly described as space weather, and explore the degree to which the lower and middle atmosphere exert a significant, possibly controlling, influence. These missions provide complementary capabilities for quantifying the drivers of the near-Earth space environment and its responses at low and middle latitudes. The comprehensive view provided by these missions will lead to a much improved understanding of space weather, and inform the international effort to improve prediction of conditions in Earth's space environment, both in terms of its neutral and ionized components.</p>
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