Inefficient and unlit natural gas flares both emit large quantities of methane
Les torchères de gaz naturel inefficaces et non éclairées émettent de grandes quantités de méthane
Plant, Genevieve ; Kort, Eric A. ; Brandt, Adam R. ; Chen, Yuanlei ; Fordice, Graham ; Gorchov Negron, Alan M. ; Schwietzke, Stefan ; Smith, Mackenzie ; Zavala-Araiza, Daniel
Flaring is widely used by the fossil fuel industry to dispose of natural gas. Industry and governments generally assume that flares remain lit and destroy methane, the predominant component of natural gas, with 98% efficiency. Neither assumption, however, is based on real-world observations. We calculate flare efficiency using airborne sampling across three basins responsible for >80% of US flaring and combine these observations with unlit flare prevalence surveys. We find that both unlit flares and inefficient combustion contribute comparably to ineffective methane destruction, with flares effectively destroying only 91.1% (90.2, 91.8; 95% confidence interval) of methane. This represents a fivefold increase in methane emissions above present assumptions and constitutes 4 to 10% of total US oil and gas methane emissions, highlighting a previously underappreciated methane source and mitigation opportunity.</p>
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