An exceptional positive lightning outbreak over Portugal on 4/5 November 2025
Une série exceptionnelle d'éclairs positifs au-dessus du Portugal les 4 et 5 novembre 2025
Iordache, Cristian
Année de publication
2026
Positive cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning is normally a fraction of CG activity but is associated with higher peak currents and disproportionate infrastructure impacts. On 4-5 November 2025, a strong cool-season frontal system produced widespread lightning over mainland Portugal. Quality-controlled IPMA data show CG activity concentrated overnight on 4 November, peaking near 0500 utc on 5 November. Of 6128 CG strokes, 1817 were positive, yielding an elevated +CG fraction of 29.7%. Concurrent MTG-LI observations detected 39 972 total lightning flashes, outlining SW-NE-oriented frontal rainbands. This demonstrates how integrating satellite total-lightning data with polarity-resolved ground networks enhances situational awareness of +CG risk in strongly forced cool-season convection.</div>
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